The Arab world encompasses a broader geographical area, covering a wide variety of countries in Asia and Africa. Arab culture is due to much of its development in all the fields of intellectual practice, including in medicine, particularly during the Golden Age of the Arabic Islamic sciences (8th – 13th centuries C.E.). The glorious history of the Arab world allows us to consider the debt of mankind to the golden age of Arab science and assess the contribution of Arab countries to our day's biomedical and neuroscience research.